Jupiter+-+AH

Getting Started

 * **Click on the edit button above to put your own content on this page.**

Rubric: [[file:Space Exploration Adventure Rubric.doc]], [[file:Space Exploration Adventure Rubric.pdf]]

 * Written Information **: As you enter text, the area will expand. Make sure to check the required details of the assignment and review the rubric (see document links) to self-assess your work. Your paragraphs will be in block format, enter one return between paragraphs. The tab key, indent feature will not appear when typing directly into the wiki page.

Visuals Make sure to include the location of your images; add a caption with this information



**Works Cited** **Sources** : Include the source information for all of the magazine articles, reference sources (encyclopedias) and web site pages that were used to complete your project. The source information for encyclopedias may be found at the end or beginning of each entry in iCONN. When using periodicals, the publication information will be at the beginning or end of the article. This needs to be formatted for MLA standards. If it is not labeled 'Source Citation' it can be formatted appropriately by using EasyBib.com. You should use EasyBib for the web sites. The final Works Cited should be listed in alphabetical order by the first word of the source citation. "Milky Way." //Kids InfoBits Presents: Astronomy//. Gale, 2008. Reproduced in Kids InfoBits. Detroit: Gale, 2012. "The Milky Way." //WMAP's Universe//. NASA, 28 June 2010. Web. 06 Mar. 2012. . Vergano, Dan. "Galaxy Bracketed by Big Bubbles." //USA Today// 10 Nov. 2010: 05A. Web. 6 Mar. 2012.
 * Sample:**

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 * Your Source List:**
 * //Highlights for Children//**, Sept 2000 v55 i9 p12
 * AN OCEAN ON EUROPA?** (learning more about Jupiter's moon Europa)(Brief Article)(Illustration) Wittenstein, Vicki Oransky.
 * Full Text:** COPYRIGHT 2000 Highlights for Children, Inc.

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 * //Weekly Reader, Edition 4 (including Science Spin)//**, Feb 21, 2003 v84 i19 pS3(1)
 * Leaping lava.** (astronomers analyze volcanic eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io)
 * Full Text:** COPYRIGHT 2003 Weekly Reader Corp.

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 * //Science World//**, Feb 11, 2002 v58 i9 p7(1)
 * Space sea. (Short Takes).** (Brief Article)
 * Full Text:** COPYRIGHT 2002 Scholastic, Inc

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 * //Odyssey//**, Dec 2007 v16 i9 p17(2)
 * Color coded.(BRAIN STRAIN)(Brief article)** Pickover, Clifford A..
 * Full Text:** COPYRIGHT 2007 Cobblestone Publishing, Co.

**Topic: Research Focus**
 * What is your topic? Jupiter**
 * State the focus of your research: Jupiter's moons and its rings**

**Notes** ==== Include notes, statistics and facts that you will use to write your final paper. You may want to label sections of your notes to help you be more organized as you write. As you take notes from a source, you should list the source citation in the **Works Cited** section above. ====

But this place is not the North Pole or Antarctica. In fact, it's not anywhere on Earth. This is Europa, Jupiter's fourth-largest moon. Startling pictures of Europa, including the two on these pages, came from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. Partly because of these images, scientists think an ocean more than sixty miles deep may be hiding beneath Europa's icy crust. On Earth, wherever there is liquid water there is also life. Scientists have found life even under frozen lakes and in the super-heated waters around hot springs under the sea. "The possibility of life is what is exciting about Europa," says Dr. Christopher Chyba, a scientist at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in California. Spacecraft Galileo Galileo began orbiting Jupiter in 1995 and is still out there sending back pictures and information. In addition to Europa, Galileo is studying Callisto, another moon suspected of having liquid water. "We are absolutely certain there is some form of water on Europa," says Dr. Torrence V. Johnson, Galileo's project scientist. "The question is whether there is liquid water." In February 2001, astronomers were taking a routine look at Io through a powerful telescope. As they looked, a bright spot suddenly appeared on Io's surface. An eruption was taking place before their eyes. The astronomers analyzed their data for nearly two years. When finished, they realized they had witnessed the biggest eruption ever seen in the solar system. The area involved was enormous. Io burst open over an area of 1,180 square miles. That is larger than the entire city of Los Angeles! According to scientists, an eruption this massive would have included fountains of molten lava shooting up miles high. The ground would have been covered with streaming flows of red-hot lava. Scientists explain that one reasons Io's volcano had such a big eruption is because Io is located between giant Jupiter and another one of its moons, Europa. Gravity pulls on tiny Io from both sides. This tug of war stretches and bends Io, creating excess heat. The heat buildup resulted in the massive volcanic eruption. The astronauts immediately transmit images of the monolith to ODYSSEY readers, who they are certain can help in solving the Ganymede Code. So ... what color should be used to fill in the missing space in the matrix of colors? (Hint: You will need to assign numerical values to the colors to solve the code.) Answer to "Brain Strain" from p. 17: One possible solution is to assign values to the colors as follows: 4 = red, 3 = blue, 2 = green, 1 = yellow. In each row, the number assigned to the rightmost square is equal to the number assigned to the first square, plus the second, minus the third, minus the fourth. Therefore, one solution for the missing square is yellow. What is the logic that you used to solve this puzzle? Is there another logic that you might use to solve it differently?
 * Europa:** From above, it seems as if you are flying over the Arctic Ocean. Huge chunks of ice several miles long crisscross the surface below. Some pieces appear to be floating like icebergs, and some look like glaciers.
 * Io:** Nearly 400 million miles away, lava actively flows on Jupiter's moon Io. To date, more than 100 volcanoes have been found on Io, which is one-third the size of Earth. Scientists think that Io's volcanoes put off more heat than anywhere else in the solar system.
 * Callisto:** What lurks beneath the crater-ridden surface of Jupiter's outermost moon Callisto? A massive underground ocean, claim scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. An image snapped last May from the spacecraft Galileo shows a portion on the moon's surface free from hills and grooves. The image is unusual, since Callisto is among the most heavily cratered moons in the solar system. A buried layer of water may have helped keep the terrain smooth by dispersing the force of impact from flying space rocks.
 * Ganymede:** While exploring Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter, astronauts come upon a large rectangular monolith. On the outside of the huge stone block is an array of different colors. The astronauts suspect there is a pattern in the arrangement. Could it be a code of some sort? But one color is missing from the array. Perhaps Ganymedians wish to assess the astronauts' intelligence by seeing if they can fill in the color and complete the array.
 * Jupiter's Rings:** In 1999, the Galileo spacecraft sent back its first images of Jupiter 's outer rings . These confirmed that two of Jupiter 's moons, Amalthea and Thebe, are the sources of the dust that makes up the planet's two outermost, gossamer rings . But the images also showed a barely visible, unexplained extension of dust beyond the most distant of the two moons, which has been dubbed the Thebe extension. On page 72, astronomers Douglas Hamilton from the University of Maryland in College Park and Harald Kruger at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany perform planetary-dust forensics to show that Jupiter 's shadow is responsible for creating the gossamer extension.